"LA FORCE PUBLIQUE" OR "DE OPENBARE WEERMACHT" IN THE BELGIAN CONGO.

D. Natives' uniforms 1885-1914.




The instructions of 1888 tell nothing about the uniform of the native askaris of the Force Publique. In the "Règlement sur les services et la comptabilité de la Force Publique" there is only a limited description of clothing and equipment. Looking at other evidence & pictures in the Belgian Royal Museum of the Army and Military History in Brussels we can describe their "uniforms" as follows: a blue blouse with long sleeves and 3 buttons on the upper part of the blouse, tucked in knickerbockers, reaching just under the knees with a faint red coloured belt. In "full dress", a red sash was added around the middle, worn under the belt. Piping of the blouse (and sleeves) was red.

 

The headcover was a red fez, prior to 1911 without a chinstrap. This simple uniform (not unlike the French Tirailleurs Sénégalais) is completed by a pair of sandals, a blanket and a kettle for cooking food. The service dress was simply a worn copy of the full dress. To protect their clothing during work, each soldier was issued an apron from 1898 onwards. The ranks (attached to the lower sleeves) were as follows:

Katangese askaris (1900)

Sergeant-Major
1st Sergeant
Corporal
Soldier 1st class
Soldier 2nd class

3 stripes made from mixed golden and red wool
2 stripes made from mixed golden and red wool
3 stripes made from yellow wool
2 stripes made from yellow wool (left sleeve only)
1 stripe made from yellow wool (left sleeve only)

There must have been some confusion, because in 1998 new instructions were issued. The stripes should not be longer than 25cm and 2 cm wide. The ranks were subsequently as follows:

Adjudant (Petty Officer)
Sergeant-Major
1st Sergeant
Corporal
Soldier 1st class

4 stripes made from mixed golden and red wool
3 stripes made from mixed golden and red wool
2 stripes made from mixed golden and red wool
2 stripes made from yellow wool
1 stripe made from yellow wool (left sleeve only)

In the early days the soldiers were armed with several types of guns, mainly Winchester and Chassepot. From 1898 onwards, the natives were issued Albini-rifles and the Europeans Mausers model 1889.

The Albini-rifle.

The Mauser rifle model 1889.